History of Sexuality - 3607 Words

| | | A Historical Critique of Homosexual Exclusions from the Armed Forces using the concepts of Michel Foucault From 1989 to 1999, the time period of the Clinton Administration, a homosexual force entered the American consciousness. Court cases and rhetoric of the 80s incited a discourse in which homosexuality was re-articulated, re-negotiated, and unmistakably re-repressed (Davis 3). Supreme Court judgment and actions taken by Congress with the Dont Ask, Dont Tell policy exemplify theories of sexuality and power expressed in the philosophies of Michel Foucault. Foucault was a French-born†¦show more content†¦Foucault saw the importance of the matter to lie in how the discourse on sexuality in our culture has paradoxically produced repression. Repression in modern society is a complex process. Foucaults work divides pre-modern sexual acts from modern sexual identities and sexualities (Lochrie 86). Foucault explained that the discussion of sexuality itself was restricted in a few areas. After the eighteenth century he noted an institutional incitement to speak about [sex]... a determination on the part of the agencies of power to hear it spoken about, and to cause it to speak through explicit articulation and endlessly accumulated detail (18). This proliferation of discourse had the effect of increasing encroachment of state law onto the issue of private sexuality. Foucaults analysis was considered radical. This aspect of societal repression and subsequent obsession plays an important role in understanding the reactionary political movements concerning homosexuals in the military. This will be examined after a discussion of the functions of sexuality and power. In The History of Sexuality, this examination also focused on the functions of sexuality and power. He created the term Biopower, which refers to the regulation of subjects by the state. This regulation occurs through an explosion of numerous and diverse techniques for achieving theShow MoreRelatedA History of Sexuality Essay1960 Words   |  8 Pages Unlike sex, the history of sexuality is dependant upon society and limited by its language in order to be defined and understood. In his paper which is called Is There A History of Sexuality, Halperin drew a distinction between the topics of sexuality and of sex. He claimed that the two concepts are separate ideas. In Halperins view, sex is a natural function that has not changed in many years, if ever at all. He says that sex â€Å"is a natural fact, grounded in the functioning of the body, and asRead MoreEssay on History of Sexuality2302 Words   |  10 PagesMarried Love was an unprecedented book, which inadvertently redefined female sexuality. Often regarded as the precursor of sex-manuals, Married Love launched Stopes’ enormously successful career as a writer. Published in 1918, Married Love reviewed the intertwining relationship of marriage, sex and contraception, which in Stopes’ view were the fundamental components of a fulfilling and rewarding marriage. Like all discourse, Married Love is heavily embedded within a distinct historical and culturalRead More Society and Sexuality in Waiti ng for the Barbarians and The History of Sexuality1163 Words   |  5 PagesSociety and Sexuality in Waiting for the Barbarians, and The History of Sexuality  Ã‚   Within our modern minds reside two very different ways in which we deal with the subject of sexuality. The conceptual framework of modern society, to some extent, has developed out of past notions about the body. We can see that springing from our historical roots, issues concerning sexuality have been dealt with through mutual feelings of desire and disgust. The relationship between these two opposed feelingsRead MoreThe History Of Sexuality By Michel Foucault1729 Words   |  7 PagesVictorians†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ chapter of the book entitled â€Å"The History of Sexuality† by Michel Foucault seeks to explain the traditional and modern issues regarding sexuality. Michel argues out that during the 17th century, sexuality was not a big deal, and various sexual acts were pursued more or less deliberately. Primarily, there was no taboo concerning sex and people of all age groups including children were well aware of sexual behaviours. Michel then points out that sexuality was now shifted to the homes where it wasRead MoreThe History Of Sexuality, By Michel Foucault1346 Words   |  6 PagesIn the History of Sexuality Vol. 1, Michel Foucault writes the body as a constructed and manipulated agent, the locus of sociopolitical discourse and power. To Foucault, the body cannot exist before the law (that which holds and ascribes its meaning). Similarly, sexuality cannot free itself from relations of power (Butler 1989:603). Indeed, the body is culturally contested; it is incapable of independence from any particular structuralized narrative. The ubiquitous yet uncertain subject of sex,Read MoreThe Controversial History Behind Sexuality1951 Words   |  8 PagesThroughout history, sexuality has been an extremely discussed and disputed topic. In the United States, views on gays and lesbians have fluctuated as social norms changed and adapted rapidly as the nation grew into a major international superpower. Even today, the topic of sexuality is one of the most controversial and progressive movements sweeping the country as more and more states pass laws allowing the marriage of gay and lesbian couples. This essay will attempt to delve into the controversialRead MoreA Long History Of Sexuality Is Conditioned And Inhibited By A Complicated History1402 Words   |  6 Pagesthink about sexuality is conditioned and inhibited by a complicated history and, to make our problems worse, that history is in the power of those who have necessarily been antagonistic to women for a very long time. Males generally have been economically and socially superior to women since they became the primary producers and possessors of private property.† (Murphy Robinson, 1984: 251) One of Western societies biggest social taboos is sex. Even more so, there is a long history of repressedRead MoreThe Perception of Human Sexuality throughout History1030 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout history it is evident that human sexuality changes do to religious, governmental and societal influences. The perception of human sexuality has gone through many changes such as being very open and unlabeled activity; to being very â€Å"conservative† and a topic that shouldn’t be talked about in public or at all. In any case, human sexuality has always been a topic of interest because humans are sexual beings who want to understand the consciousness of themselves as male or female and seeRead More The Introduction to the History of Sexuality by Foucault Essay1118 Words   |  5 PagesIn The Introduction to the History of Sexuality, Foucault explains how during the 19th century with the raise of new societies, the discourse or knowledge about sex was not confronted wi th repulsion but it â€Å"put into operation an entire machinery for producing true discourses concerning sex† (Foucault 69). In fact, this spreading of discourse on sexuality itself gives a clear account of how sexuality has been controlled and confined because it was determined in a certain kind of knowledge that carriesRead MoreThe Importance Of Being Sexual : A History Of Sexuality Essay2012 Words   |  9 PagesThe Importance of Being Sexual: A History of Sexuality Sex is the force that drives the continuation of humanity, and sexuality is an integral part of human life. Next to survival, the most primitive primal human instinct is sex. Sexuality is something carnal and pervasive, something that is responsible for and touches the lives of everyone. Understanding its history, its relativity to culture and era, and its fluidity of meaning is vital to gaining and composing a full understanding of the behaviors

Structural Violence And Its Effects On Society Essay

According to an article by Adam Burtle from United States Citizen Ambassador to the United Nations, structural violence is â€Å"Systematic ways in which social structures harm or otherwise disadvantage individuals†. One element that structural violence has is that it is difficult to identify specific cause or person who are responsible for (Adam Burtle, 2016). For example, if people cannot receive social services since they are not literated, or 10000 African Americans die just because of they are African American, it means that they cannot receive same level of support as whites (Trimble, 2016). In Canada, there are 634 First Nations, Inuit and Mà ©tis communities. These indigenous people have history of being structurally violated. One of them is â€Å"residential school† (Trimble, 2016). Residential schools were established aiming at isolating indigenous children from influence of their own culture and assimilating them to the mainstream stream Canadian culture. This was based on â€Å"Aggressive Assimilation Policy† started in 1874, in which indigenous people and their culture were recognized as inferior. In residential school, children were segregated from their family, their culture and traditionï ¼Ë†University of British Columbia, n.d.ï ¼â€°. It is estimated that 150,000 children were forced to go to residential school. The number of these schools peaked around 1930. At that time 80 out of 130 schools were residential schools. (Trimble, 2016). The conditions of residential schools wereShow MoreRelatedStructural Violence And Its Effects On Society1414 Words   |  6 Pages Structural violence is defined as a systematic way in which social structures harm people or put them at certain disadvantages over others. It is ‘structural’ because arrangements are made within the political and economic levels of the social world that favors one person while acting as a disadvantage to another. It is ‘violent’ because it can cause injury to people. One major example of this is the major crisis we’re seeing in Flint, Michigan. What we’re seeing in Flint, Michigan is a tragedyRead MoreStructural Violence And Its Effects On Society903 Words   |  4 Pages Structural violence has become a frequently used instrument in the word of systemic oppression. This type of oppression and unfair limitations of civil, criminal and basic human rights can cause suffering and death to many innocent lives. Sociologist Johan Galtung was the one who developed this theory of structural violence. Indicated in one of his articles â€Å"Violence, Peace, and Peace Research†, structural violence is the â€Å"systematic constraint on human potential due to economic and politicalRead MoreStructural Violence And Its Effects On Society1879 Words   |  8 PagesStructural violence is systematic ways in which social structures harm people by excluding the disadvantage individuals. In our society people are valued differently based on race, gender, class, income level, and power. Privileged have better access to ed ucation, healthcare, jobs, and quality housing. Our society disallows the unprivileged people to access these services, which cause illness. Racism is one of the most important scale of social forces that determine who falls ill and who has accessRead MoreStructural Violence Essay1732 Words   |  7 PagesStructural violence is the way in which a social structure will harm people by not providing, by limiting or by barring people from receiving basic needs. Structural violence impacts people on the bottom rung of society. People who live in poverty or are not considered being of a high social standing. This could be because of a person’s age, sex, ethnicity, race, sexual orientation, or any other aspect that makes them different from the majority of the population or different from what people considerRead MoreStructural Violence And Its Effects On The World War II1256 Words   |  6 PagesWhen we come to think of what the word Structural violence really means most of us t hink of brutal injuries are involved just with the word violence, but on the most part it has a very significant type of violence that takes among other perspectives as well. It’s referring to the different systematic ways in which the social structures we have in place harm or even bring off disadvantages to individuals. Structural Violence is understated, often more invisible than one would imagine, but it definitelyRead MoreStructural Violence the Unseen Violence Essay845 Words   |  4 PagesThe term violence brings to memory an image of physical or emotional assault on a person. In most circumstances, the person affected due to violence is aware that a violent action has been performed on that person. There is another form of violence where the affected individual, in most cases are unaware of the violence inflicted upon them. These types of violence are termed as structural violence. Structural violence is a form of invisible violence setup by a well-defined system, to limit an individual’sRead MoreAnalysis Of Ender s Game By Orson Scott Card877 Words   |  4 Pagescuriosity about these factors in order to understand society and its conflict. In his book Ender’s Game, author Orson Scott Card highlights the complications of structural violence, inciting the reader to confront the consequences of hierarchy, discrimination, and stratification. Furthermore, in the article â€Å"Structural Violence,† authors Deborah DuNann Winter and Dana C. Leighton examine the various causes of social inequalities and their impacts on violence and culture. In both the book and the articleRead MoreEffects Of Racism1095 Words   |  5 Pagesaffects the lives of many African-Americans. Structural racism is a term used to describe the institutional and societal levels of racism. These levels have caused negative effects in the mental and physical public health of African-Americans, and yet are rarely discussed. Hiding or ignoring the impact of ra cism on public health disparities is not the same as fighting against them. It is allowing them to be repeated without consequence. The effects of structural racism can be detrimental to the educationRead MoreStructural Violence And Welfare Provision For 100 Families Essay1348 Words   |  6 PagesPoverty, Structural Violence and Welfare Provision for 100 Families in Auckland, the authors use strong emotive language such as, stigmatising, discriminatory, punitive, violent, abusive, bondage, and through the use of phrases like, specific perpetrator and victim, institutionalised racism, sexism and inequities’, to convey a sense of the injustice and immorality of the governments neoliberal policies that are affecting this group. Political rhetoric is often used when discussing the effects of policiesRead MoreA Critical Analysis Of Bourgois And Schonberg1720 Words   |  7 Pagesdirectly into an environment where property crime, interpersonal violence, and sexual abuse are norm alized to such an extent that cultural relativism may be difficult for a privileged reader to apply. To explain these violent and abusive â€Å"subjectivities,† or constructions of individual subjects, Bourgois and Schonberg synthesize and apply ideas from critical theory to form their concept of â€Å"lumpen abuse,† which describes the violence imposed by political structures on the lumpenproletariat. They also

Citizen Engagement Management

Question: Why do you think most citizens do not take more interest in politics and public policy? Is citizen engagement an issue that we should be paying attention to? What might increase our national level of interest and participation? What would you motivate you to become more active? Answer: Most of the citizens do not take an interest in politics, as they do not find it beneficial. There are cases when it is seen that most of the citizens did not get the desired level of opportunities from the government or politics. There are certain situations in which the citizens are skeptical, as they can perceive in their mind about the happenings of the government policies. As in the United States, most of the people do not partake in the democratic decision. They have a feeling of creating this as the part of oligarchy (Anyon, 2014). Most of the public policies include effectiveness in which the policy of the US government is to achieve more and more engagement of the citizens. Apart from this, the efficiency of the policy includes the benefits of the citizens with respect to benefits of the citizens. Most of the American society has received the benefits at every level of the society. This ensures that the government has been fair in dealing with the distribution of the costs a nd the benefits in the society. Ethics in policy analysis includes the cultural norms in the American society, which could be based on the analysis of the every level of society (Kraft Furlong, 2015). The political feasibility of the officials includes the acceptance of the elected officials. This is the work and the efficiency that they offer holding the particular position for the country. Based on this aspect the support from the citizens is important for the elected officials who get the social acceptability from the citizens. The policies have been effective to implement the policy for the large-scale society. In most of the cases, the technical aspect of the policy includes the reliability and the feasibility of the citizens to receive the required technology. The problem with citizens voting is lack of interest as citizens do not get the required opportunity and reliability. Like for example still as per reports in 2013 45% of the household of America do not have transit acc ess. Similarly nearly 80% of the population affected by hurricane did not get the support from the government. Citizen engagement is one of the major issues in which the country needs to delve. The issues of the citizens are based on creating a platform for engagement and innovation. In such cases, the citizens need to engage in employment or the sections that are best for them. Apart from this, the issue of the citizens includes lack of communications strategy. In this case, the major issue is to deal with the proper communication and interaction process. At times, most of the citizens do not receive ample resources. In such case, the citizens of the country must be engaged by ensuring the above-mentioned points (Birkland, 2014). These points must be ensured by the country to engage an optimum number of citizens in the decisions of the political view of the country. Paying attention to these would help in generating the positive views of the citizens. The national level or interest may be fostered by maintaining the fairness in the allocation of the resources. Optimum help and improvement of the citizens is the most important aspect along with resolving the popular problem of the citizens. There must be communities or programs that help the citizens along with the incorporation of the cultural values. The service industry along with the infrastructure of the country must be enhanced to get the positive view of the citizens. Apart from this the technological advancement of the country must be ensured. This would help in generating the better prospect for the citizens. They are satisfied with high end technology. Most of the citizens can participate in the critical foundation and issues of the country with the implementation of the civil liberties (Gerston, 2014). These various grounds help in the increase of national interest. The aspect that is helpful in making me more active includes freedom of the citizens. This must include the necessary assembly and the participation of the citizens. The uniform judicial process is another factor helpful in creating the right perception of the citizens. Most of the government must be able to come off the disengagement of the citizens through the cooperation. In most of the cases, the necessity of the government is looking into the fact that the economy can give necessary infrastructure to me. Apart from this, the policies of the government must be helpful in creating the opportunity for employment. Finally, educational opportunity plays a pivotal role (Kahne Westheimer, 2014). In most of the cases, the violence in most of the schools is one of the aspects that create the issue for the authority at the same time the school authorities. However, in case of the proper monitoring of the government and the policies help in indulging and analyze the issues with violence. The recent cases in the area of violence like the attack of the gunned people in one of the issues in which the government policies could enhance and take care properly. In this regard, it is my responsibility to take the necessary step being an able citizen of the country. In this regard, I would like to draft a letter to the local representative to take the necessary step regarding the issues that general public is facing. In most of the cases, the issues do not reach the higher officials of the government (Nabatchi et al. 2012). In such case, the responsibility could be shouldered to the local representative to increase the surveillance system and to enhance public service. In the similar asp ect, it is important to note that being part of the committee and as effective policy analysis the importance includes achieving the goals of the committee. This is the well-defined structure where the equity deals with fairness. In case of PAC, the ethics of the committee includes the cultural norms. In case of being a part of local neighborhood, I need to give the support and the political feasibility to the committee. Technical feasibility and the administrative feasibility include the ability to implement the policy and the technological reliability (Kraft Furlong, 2015). The administration is the implementation of the policies and in the local scenario, this is important for me to support the committee and to require the desired solution to the issues. This is important for getting the sustainable decision. I would also like to mention that being part of the democracy is important to resolve the issues in addition, to cast the vote for the betterment or change on the positive ground. Registration for the vote might help me change in the society and can influence the existing or the new government to implement new methods for the monitoring process. Like for example the case in Sandy Hook Elementary School, New town, Connecticut or Columbine High School. In such case, the right to vote and to cast the vote would be influential. Apart, from this it is also important that with my participation others might be interested in the registration process (Whitmarsh, Seyfang ONeill, 2011). This would be helpful for the country and especially the local area. PAC or Political action committee is the one of the aspect that is helpful in dealing with all the aspect of the political aspect. This committee can help in creating the awareness within the citizens with their participation. This is one of t he organizations in The US, which helps in raising the necessary fund for the development. PAC has the capacity of influencing the Federal Election Campaign Act. In most of the case, this is one of the major aspects that help in dealing with the leaderships in PAC. The influence helps in the process of creating new rules to change the programs of the federal structure (Wilson, 2012). I have tried to make certain problems that I would like to share with one of the members of the local government. This is large because to enhance the security processes in the school to make the students safe. This is one of the aspects, which would help the parents to be sure of the safety of the children. Apart from this, I could channel the major understanding of the issues with the help of the interactive process with the local representatives (Zeldin, Camino Calvert, 2012). I would like to play the part of an able citizen with the help of being part of the local government officials. Reference list Anyon, J. (2014).Radical possibilities: Public policy, urban education, and a new social movement. Routledge. Birkland, T. A. (2014).An introduction to the policy process: Theories, concepts and models of public policy making. Routledge. Gerston, L. N. (2014).Public policymaking in a democratic society: A guide to civic engagement. Routledge. Kahne, J., Westheimer, J. (2014). Teaching democracy.Social Studies Curriculum, The: Purposes, Problems, and Possibilities, 353. Kraft, M. E. Furlong, S. R. (2015). Public policy: Politics, analysis, and alternatives (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Sage Press Nabatchi, T., Gastil, J., Weiksner, G. M., Leighninger, M. (Eds.). (2012).Democracy in motion: Evaluating the practice and impact of deliberative civic engagement. Oxford University Press. Whitmarsh, L., Seyfang, G., ONeill, S. (2011). Public engagement with carbon and climate change: To what extent is the public carbon capable?.Global Environmental Change,21(1), 56-65. Wilson, L. (2012).Civic engagement and the baby boomer generation: Research, policy, and practice perspectives. Routledge. Zeldin, S., Camino, L., Calvert, M. (2012). Toward an understanding of youth in community governance: Policy priorities and research directions.Anlise Psicolgica,25(1), 77-95.

Pcl and Gpr free essay sample

Theory of Electromagnetic detection Mechanism behind PCL is Biot-Savart Law, which is an equation that describes the magnetic field generated by an electric current. The law is used to compute the resultant magnetic field B at position r generated by a steady current I (for example due to a wire). It means a continual flow of charges which is constant in time and the charge neither accumulates nor depletes at any point. It is a physical example of a line integral: evaluated over the path C the electric currents flow. The equation in SI units is  where dl is a vector whose magnitude is the length of the differential element of the wire, in the direction of conventional current, and ? 0 is the magnetic constant. Since the field surrounds the conductor and obeys the RHSR as shown in the following figure, it is a vector quantity, in which each point has magnitude and direction. We will write a custom essay sample on Pcl and Gpr or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Figure2: Magnetic field B at position r generated by a steady current I How can underground pipes and cables be located by PCL locator A Pipe Cable Locator detects a magnetic field around the line created by an alternation current flowing along the line. PCL detect magnetic fields Alternate electromagnetic current creates a moving and reversing magnetic field. When the receiver detects the presence of a conductor, signal appears. Afterwards, the strength of the signal is shown on the screen. The operator reads the response of the locator and interprets the result. Figure 4: Alternate electromagnetic current Difference between Passive and Active mode detection For passive detection, the signals are naturally present in conductors. The only equipment is a receiver. The application is to sweep and search for the existence of conductors buried underground. It emits 50 Hz and radio frequency. Its detection by radio is less definite. It should not be relied upon for depth measurement. For active detection, it requires the use of a signal generator (transmitter) to trace and pinpoint target lines. Signal can be transmitted to the cable by induction or signal clamp. It allows more precise work such as depth measurement and signal strength comparison. Passive modeActive mode – Direct connection Active mode – Signal clampActive mode Induction Table 1: Passive mode and Active mode detection Why passive mode is unreliable It is unable to identify the conductors unless tracing to the source to obtain clues. Passive signals can be unobvious. Frequency of signals is not relevant to the voltage. Frequency of signals depends on strength of the current and depth of the line. The result of passive detection can only be taken as reference but not accurate measurement. The function of a transmitter Transmitter discharges an identifiable signal and applies the signal to the target line. The receiver than traces and locates the lines by detecting the applied signal. It can also flood with signal and energize the lines in that area. Accessories are optional. Direct connection uses a pair lead (red for connection and black for grounding). Signal clamping uses a signal clamp. Direct connection Signal clamping ? Induction Table 2: the three main types of Active mode detection For direct connection, since contact to cable is necessary, this method is not suitable to detect electric cable but suitable to metallic pipe. Signal clamping is the most effective method. It can be applied to exposed cable (trail hole). However, the size of the cable is limited by the size of the clamp. The jaws of the clamp must be closed completely. For induction method, signal can be applied without access to the line. However, it is not accurate method since signals can induce onto nearby lines as well as the target. It is also inefficient on deep targets. Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) For the data collection part of GPR, the elapsed time between radar energy generation, reflection from the ground and the final record of reflected wave at the receiving antenna is measured. The amplitude and wavelength of the reflected radar waves received back to surface are also amplified for processing and viewing on a computer screen (Conyers, 2004). Reflection of radar energy occurs when energy enters into a material with different electrical conduction properties from materials it left. The amplitude of the reflection depends on the contrast in the dielectric constants of the two materials. High amplitude reflections usually appear when there is a sudden change in water content, lithologic or mineralogic changes (Laskowski W. , 2010). The following shows Schematic illustration of common-offset, single-fold profiling along a line showing major survey specification parameters. Fig. 5 Showing Schematic illustration of common-offset, single-fold profiling along a line showing major survey specification parameters. According to Conyers (2004), radar energy emits from the GPR antenna downward to the ground surface is of conical shape. Therefore reflected radar energy received by antenna may not come from buried objects that are directly below the antenna but still within the â€Å"beam† of propagating waves. Oblique radar wave travel to and from the ground surface is longer in distance and travelling time. These reflected radar wave will still be recorded by the antenna as if directly below the antennas, but deeper in the ground. When the GPR is propelled forward on the ground in transect, the antenna moves closer gradually to the buried object. The antenna will continually record reflections from the buried object before arriving on top of the object and continue to record after passing it. The following shows a signal paths between a transmitter and a receiver on the surface treated as rays following the paths. Fig. 6 A signal paths between a transmitter and a receiver on the surface treated as rays following the paths. A=direct airwave G=direct ground wave R=reflected wave C=critically refracted wave These transmitting and receiving radar waves produce a reflection parabola as time for radar wave transmit and reflect back to antenna is longer for point sources of reflection that are locate obliquely from the antenna. Two-way time traveled when antenna is moving close to the object will be shorter until the antenna reaches the top of the object. The situation is the reverse when the antenna moves away from the top of the object. Therefore, the apex of the parabola denotes the actual location of the buried point sources of reflection while the arms of the parabola are generated when the antenna receive the oblique radar wave.